Publications

Understanding Institutional Memory

Understanding Institutional Memory

Governments, universities, courts, public administrations and international organisations all face the same fundamental challenge: people inevitably change, yet the institution itself must continue fulfilling its mission across decades, and sometimes…
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Why Systems Thinking Matters for Public Institutions

Why Systems Thinking Matters for Public Institutions

Modern public institutions operate in a world characterised by unprecedented levels of complexity. Climate change influences economic development, demographic evolution reshapes healthcare systems, technological innovation transforms labour markets, geopolitical instability…
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Institutions as Living Systems

Institutions as Living Systems

For much of modern history, institutions have been understood as stable organisations designed to perform clearly defined functions. Governments administer laws, courts interpret legal systems, universities educate students, hospitals provide…
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Understanding Collective Intelligence

Understanding Collective Intelligence

For centuries, intelligence has been understood primarily as an individual characteristic. We naturally associate intelligence with the capacity of a person to observe the world, interpret information, solve problems and…
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Why Complexity Changes Public Governance

Why Complexity Changes Public Governance

For much of modern history, public governance operated on the assumption that societies could be understood by dividing them into manageable parts. Governments established specialised ministries, public agencies and administrative…
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