A research question in chemistry rarely arrives as a clean dataset. Relevant evidence may be scattered across papers, tables, patents and databases, with different representations of the same compound...
Much of the attention surrounding artificial intelligence goes to systems that generate something visible: an answer, an image or a passage of code. A quieter problem precedes many of those outputs. A...
A warning about faulty software is easy to generate and difficult to evaluate. A language model can offer a convincing account of why a change might break something, yet the engineer receiving that ac...
Progress in artificial intelligence is often narrated through the largest available model: more demanding reasoning, more elaborate demonstrations and more expensive infrastructure. Yet a second quest...
Tax auditing constitutes one of the most important instruments through which revenue administrations verify compliance with fiscal legislation, examine the accuracy of declarations and protect the int...
On 28 October 2026, Castile and León brought public employees together in Valladolid for a session on artificial intelligence in administration. The regional government’s account, republished by Spain...
An AI project can appear to begin with a model, yet some of its most consequential decisions concern everything around it. Which records can it access? Where does its output enter a public-service wor...
Planning decisions bring together documents, policies, site information and professional judgement. A tool that reduces the effort of assembling that material could be useful, but its public value dep...
Public institutions operate under an unavoidable condition of scarcity: they face more signals, demands, problems and potential priorities than they can examine with equal depth or...
Public institutions can retain extensive knowledge while remaining unable to use it when later decisions, operations or institutional processes require it. Reports, evaluations, de...
Public institutions depend on specialised knowledge held by individuals. This is neither unusual nor inherently problematic: expertise, professional judgement and differentiated re...
