When an institution produces a poor outcome, one of the most natural responses is to look for the part that failed. Which department made the mistake? Which team missed the…
An institution can learn from a crisis, correct a serious mistake or improve after an unsuccessful programme without necessarily becoming good at learning. This distinction is easy to overlook because…
For more than three decades, the concept of the learning organisation has profoundly influenced the way scholars, business leaders and public administrators understand organisational development. The idea that institutions should…
When an institution says that it has learned from experience, one of the simplest ways to test the claim is to imagine replacing the people who experienced the event. The…
What does it mean to say that an institution knows, remembers, interprets or makes judgements when no single individual possesses everything the institution appears capable of knowing? The Thinking Institution, the…
When we say that an institution has learned, we often imagine learning as though it were a single kind of change: something happens, the organisation absorbs the lesson and its…
Institutional reform is often judged by its visible scale. Large restructurings, major legislative packages, new digital platforms, extensive procedural redesigns and sweeping changes in authority are naturally interpreted as signs…